Johnson, Lady Bird

Johnson, Lady Bird Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912â€"2007, b. Karnack, Tex., as Claudia Alta Taylor. She married (1934) Lyndon B. Johnson and played an active role in his political career. As first lady (1963â€"69), she was the first to have her own press secretary and to make a campaign trip on her own. She also sponsored environmental causes and national beautification projects and later co-founded (1982) what is now the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Austin, Tex. A successful businesswoman, she bought (1943) a debt-ridden radio station in Austin, Tex., and built it into a multimillion dollar broadcasting company. Johnson also owned and managed extensive ranching lands in Texas. She was the author of A White House Diary (1970). See M. L. Gillette, Lady Bird Johnson: An Oral History (2012); biographies by M. D. Smith (1964), G. L. Hall (1967), and J. J. Russell (2012); L. I. Gould, Lady Bird Johnson and the Environment (1988). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 20 12, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Benefits Of Nike s Global Growth - 992 Words

While conditions may have improved, many of its manufacturing factories in developing countries still have yet to meet Nike’s own standards. The company itself has admittedly acknowledged that low wages for some of its workers is still a concern; until this is fully resolved, we could see how this would continue to hurt the company’s image and a decline in loyalty, attachment, community and engagement which are crucial to a brand’s resonance. I also discovered that one of Nike’s biggest weaknesses is their relative dependence on the footwear market. While Nike certainly provides a wide range of products, the major source of their branding efforts and income are still coming from its market share in the footwear market. Moreover, the company suffers from limited presence in developing markets, partly due to its issues with imitation, pricing and patent protection. This weakness dramatically limits Nike’s global growth. If Nike aims to removing these limiting factors, it must find a way to improve its policies and strategies in the areas of employment, product mix development, labor, and penetration in developing markets. Nike has also grown to be heavily dependent on overseas manufacturing for a large portion of their production. The current economic recession may also have a negative impact on Nike as it is comparatively highly priced in comparison to Adidas and other competitors; this may even be one of the reasons as to why their market share is declining in the US.Show MoreRelatedNike : The World s Largest Athletic Footwear1067 Words   |  5 PagesNIKE is the world’s largest athletic footwear and apparel that ranks in the top 20 of the World’s Most Valuable Brands 2015. It designs, develops, markets, and sells athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories. The company was founded in 1964 and has its headquarter in Beaverton, Oregon. Apart from Nike brand, the company also entirely owned subsidiaries, which are Converse and Hurley International brand. In FY2015 (for the period ended 31 May 2015), Nike, Inc. recorded revenues of $30Read More Nike1698 Words   |  7 Pages SHORT CASE SUMMARY Nike, Inc. (503-671-6453, www.nike.com) is the worlds #1 athletic shoe and apparel seller. Nike currently employs 20,700 employees, with total sales of $8.78 billion. Nike and the athletic shoe industry have evolved into one of the most competitive market in recent years. But, analysts believe that athletic shoe sales will slow down over the next few years. The slowdown will come with the change in consumer trends. For instance, the younger market is beginning to buy more casualRead MoreHow Globalisation has affected developing countries in the Asia - pacific region1609 Words   |  7 Pageson a global scale. China s economic success has not been confined to raw economic growth, especially with a huge trade surplus of over 40 billion according to world guide from 1998. China has an annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $750. Today China would have to be the most alluring country. Globalisation has many impacts on developing countries; these include gr owth, employment, poverty, women and finance. These will be assessed below. It is striking that global GDP growth has beenRead MoreA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This situational analysis focuses on a world leading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. This report provides an introduction to Nike with a background to the Company, its history and its product. This report also provides background data on the market, the product in more depth, its competition, the industry and the macro environment. A summary of the key findings fromRead MoreNike Positive And Negative Effects Of Globalization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Promises and Perils of the Globalization of Nike Globalization involves global interaction and cooperation between individuals, corporations, countries and their governments. As demand for products grows and the technology it takes to improve the process by which products can be manufactured more cheaply grows, globalization grows as well. It is supported by advancements in technology. These changes can have both short-term and lasting effects on issues surrounding economics, politics, the environmentRead MoreProject Proposal : Nike Inc.1354 Words   |  6 PagesInception Nike, Inc. is a corporation that specializes in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and sales of footwear. Nike, Inc. was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. The current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is Mark Parker. The company headquarters is in Beaverton, Oregon. The company headquarters will be expanding soon and will contain two additional floors. Currently, there are twenty employees and four out of the twenty employees handle the IT part of the corporation. Nike operatesRead MoreHow Globalization And Technology Changes Have Impacted The Corporation You Researched1233 Words   |  5 Pageschanges have impacted the corporation you researched. Nike, Inc., is one of the leading designer’s, marketer and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a variety of sports and fitness activities. The company’s headquarters is near Beaverton, Oregon founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, who set out to reinvent athletic footwear. They wanted to improve upon one pair of running shoes called Onitsuka Tiger. Nike were more than distributors; they joined forces to designRead MoreNike : A Brand For Sports1000 Words   |  4 PagesNike Inc. was created in 1962 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight as a partnership but not as Nike as we know it rather blue ribbon sports. Nike has been a brand for sports for over a half a millennia providing men and women in sports with quality wear. Nike is the biggest athletic brand on the planet which changed the world of foot wear entirely Nike like other giant companies has seen its tremendous growth over the years, but the way it differs from other companies is, it follows an entirely differentRead MoreHow The Company Use Technology Help Perform And Advance Competitive Advantage1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthe company use technology to perform and advance competitive advantage. As we see in the global market, Nike is one of the high profitable revenue companies. This company spends lot in purchasing the new technologies in the market and uses the most for their business. They build the ultra-infrastructure which is more capable than their actual needs. For example, if we consider their Data warehouse, the Nike maintains the Teradata with extended configuration and purchased space more than their dataRead MoreNike and What It Does to Third World Countrys1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper

Individuality in Whitmans Song of Myself Essay - 1260 Words

Individuality in Whitmans Song of Myself During a lecture in 1907, William James said the philosophy which is so important in each of us is not a technical matter; it is our more or less dumb sense of what life honestly means. It is only partly got from books; it is our individual way of just seeing and feeling the total push and pressure of the cosmos (Bartlett 546) Individuality has been a prevalent theme in every type of literature for quite some time. Whether it is a character discovering his/her individuality or the author expressing his, literature is full of distinctness. The term individuality changes meaning with each person it meets. That is what makes the dynamic word so great. Throughout particular works read this†¦show more content†¦He demonstrates being non-judgmental, which is something people of his time do not understand, let alone today in present time. He goes on later to say I resist anything better than my own diversity, and breathe the air and leave plenty after me, and am not stuck up, and am in my place (2756). Whitman feels that he has explored the world and the options around him and now has found his place. He knows his inner self and it has guided him to the place he needs to be. Whitmans ideas of individuality have totally transformed from the ideas of his predecessors. Benjamin Franklins idea of being an individual consisted of hard labor, good-standing character, and faith in God. Franklin was a hard worker who had toiled and labored since the day he was born. His happiness was assured in the apprentice ships that he held early in life. Franklin deemed success in work just as highly as good character. In his autobiography he states, I began now gradually to pay off the Debt I was under for the printing house. In order to secure my credit and my character as a tradesman (Franklin 803). The reader understands how important this is to Franklin as well as how important it is today to people. God was always a steadfast character in Franklins life. In Poor Richards Almanacs one of Franklins maxims was God helps them that helps themselves (723). This maxim epitomizes Franklins ideas onShow MoreRelatedIndividuality And Free Verse in Walt Whitmans S ong of Myself1524 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican dream has not always been consistent, (married with 2.5 kids, 2 cars, a dog and a satisfying job), the spirit of innovation, individuality and progress remains unchanged. The father of free verse, and perhaps the American perspective of poetry, Walt Whitman embodies these values in his life and work. First published in 1855 in Leaves of Grass, Song of Myself is a vision of a symbolic I enraptured by the senses, vicariously embracing all people and places from the Atlantic to the PacificRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself1178 Words   |  5 Pagesspoke as one man for the multitude in his poem, â€Å"Song of Myself†, which openly demonstrates Whitman’s faith in the imperative indivisibility of self-reliance. He shares many of the same ideas as Emerson, such as the importance of the self and views on religion. There are some differences in certain ideas, images and the language; however, these differences do not take away from Whitman’s fulfillment of Emerson’s vision of the self. Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† shows the ideals of self in Ralph Waldo EmersonRead More walt whitman Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages†Everything on earth has the divine spark within and thus is all part of a whole.†(web.pg2trans.) This philosophy of individualism led to an optimistic emphasis on society. Because Whitman immodestly praised the human body and glorified the senses, â€Å"Walt Whitman’s poems assert the worth of the individual and the oneness of all humanity.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Walt Whitman was an American poet who was born on May 31, 1819, near Huntington, N.Y. He was the second of a family of nine children. His fatherRead MoreUnity Of The American Culture Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesWhitman captures the strength in the unity of the American people. Through Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself,† he demonstrates the value of unity in the American culture. He celebrates the individuals who make up the United States, whether they are the common worker or the very rich. †Song of Myself† invites readers to see the hope and praise he had for all people in the American Culture. Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† shows the unity of people found in the culture of the American people. The UnitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself Essay2414 Words   |  10 Pages The prevalence of Hegelianism in Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† is indisputable, yet a consensus on the meaning remains elusive, and therefore, insidious to the democratic progress Whitman attempts. Whitman uses Hegel to support his ideas about the dialectical theory of consciousness, the spiritualization and importance of art, and America’s manifest destiny. I later elucidate on these categories and break them down into more precise ideas. I use a variety of scholars for evidence of structuralRead MoreWalt Whitman s Song Of Myself1191 Words   |  5 Pages Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† Walt Whitman was an American poet born in May 31, 1819 in New York, and he died in March 26, 1892 in New Jersey. He grew up going to school in separate facilities from people of color, so he was growing up along with the nation. He was self-taught by exploring things for himself, for example, going to the museums when he could. Whitman as a young boy alternated from being in the city to being in the countryside with his grandparents. He was exposed to be beingRead MoreAmerican Romanticism As Portrayed By Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself979 Words   |  4 PagesModern Civ-LIT 3/21/16 Song of myself (1855) Narrative (1845) American Romanticism as portrayed by Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† and Fredrick Douglass’s Narrative American Romanticism focuses on the imagination, emotions and idealized perspectives of the world. Romanticism is in opposition to the forms and conventions of Neoclassical Literature and is a reaction to the Age of reason which preceded Romanticism. Reason was ruled out in this era in place of imagination, individuality, and emotions, whichRead MoreWalt Whitman And Allen Ginsbergs Poetry1332 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities, from even such a young age, it enticed Allen Ginsberg to apprise Walt Whitman, to read what he had to say and how he managed his own disheveled his life. The younger years are the most influential, there is no doubt that Ginsberg stored Whitman’s messages in his heart and kept the morals throughout his life. Proof of this lies in Ginsberg s alteration of religious views. â€Å"Kaddish† in Judaism is meant as a mourning prayer, a title meant as reflection of Ginsberg’s mothers mental problemsRead MoreWalt Whitman Poem Analysis978 Words   |  4 Pagesof life to a maze, and how everyones path to the end of the maze is different, because they are all unique. This touched basis with the attitude of the poem, which was on the optimistic side, but it was promoting individuality. It can be difficult for teenagers to find their individuality in this day in age, because many people do not find out who they are until after high school. That could be due to a variety of reasons, take for instance maturing as a person, because a freshman mindset is differentRead MoreA Human Acting Under The Laws Of Society Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesworth. Unlike the rigid bounds of society that emphasize order and conformity, nature harbors personal spirit and freedom of expression, allowing one to truly embrace their own thoughts and beliefs and cement their own individuality. Throughout the Scarlet Letter and Song of Myself, Hawthorne and Whitman juxtapose the beauty of nature with the rigidity of society through the expression of indi vidualistic tendencies; to suggest that nature nurtures an individual’s sense of identity and ultimately leads

Pollution Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products Free Essays

POLLUTION Pollution happens absolutely everywhere, every single second of the day, everywhere on earth. It happens in many city, many town, or many state. You can find pollution in cars, home electronics, personal hygiene products, natural disasters, and even your own home. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution: Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pollution is poison for anything that lives and breathes; it poisons water, air, land, humans, and animals, so it cannot to be taken lightly. As a law people should take more care of their surroundings and try harder to preserve the world we live in, even if it is inconvenient to us. Because if we don’t save ourselves, who will? The things we could do to save our planet from pollution could reduce further destruction . Everyone is benefited when we have clean water, air, land, etc. . For example, we never hear any news about a person dying because of clean air but instead we hear news like, man died from pollution, family living in home pollution, water tests show pollution particles, the list goes on forever. By identifying the problem at an early stage, we can start to reverse the pollution process. Thus making our mother Earth cleaner. The  funny thing of all this is that though the earth is getting  polluted man is least bothered about it . e doesn’t know that he himself is digging his own  grave  because pollution not only spoils his own health but also  worsens his  quality of life. People in cities who are exposed to various kinds of pollution suffer from several ailments like high blood pressure, asthma and skin diseases. Garbage thrown around leads to break out of epidemics like c holera, malaria, chikungunya etc. Poisonous chemicals from the  air  as well as our water bodies have recently caused an exponential rise in cancer cases. Scientists say that it is still not late to act, and governments all over the world have started acting. Countries are trying their best to control pollution by adopting measures like control of   CO2 emissions, using clean fuels, proper waste management  practices, and planting trees on a large scale. However no efforts would be complete unless each one us does our bit to protect our environment. We all can contribute in our small way by  saving  fuel, water and electricity, disposing garbage responsibly and living simple lives. It is the responsibility of each one of us to safeguard the environment so that future generations can enjoy the  beauty  and bounty of Mother nature. How to cite Pollution: Global Warming and Personal Hygiene Products, Essay examples

War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front free essay sample

â€Å"If you think of humanity as one large body, then war is like suicide, or at best, self mutilation†( Jerome Crabb). Paul Baumer, the protagonist of All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque fulfills his understanding of Jerome Crabb’s quote after experiencing everything war has to offer. In the novel, Paul truly experiences what being in war can physically and mentally do to not only a man, but their families as well. It is apparent that Erich Maria Remarque had Paul Baumer face various horrifying situations while at the front to make a powerful statement against war and everything associated with it. Throughout the book, Remarque uses implicit statements to help prove his argument in a myriad of ways. The statements Remarque includes in the novel cohere with one another to show that war dehumanizes the soldiers who choose to enlist into it. Through the implicit language and arguments used, the dehumanization effect war brought upon the soldiers is illustrated as an unbreakable force that takes no pity on the soldiers at the front. We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It greatly affects the soldiers physically, mentally, and even psychologically. Erich Maria Remarque shows that war has a dehumanizing effect on the men even to the point of being compared to savages by using point of view, literary devices and imagery. By applying the points of view of the distinct characters in his novel, Remarque is able to implicitly make the argument that war dehumanizes the soldiers in every way possible. Because of the usage of point of view, the argument trying to be proven is seen through a clearer outlook since a single character’s personality does not affect the argument of war dehumanizing the men. Conventional human characteristics, for example the significance of education, have seemed to be lost completely due to war. When discussion arises between Paul and his comrades about their aspirations after war, the men come to realize that they have forgotten most of what their schoolmaster Kantorek had taught them back in school which was really not that long ago. Paul even considers the school lessons they received back as civilians to be â€Å"rot†(86). The word choice Paul uses sort of gives off a supercilious tone on education. Paul’s tone on the topic illustrates that he sees little or no value in the education he learned from his schoolmasters. Obviously, education is seen as an extremely important part of humanity of the soldiers but since Paul is devaluing education, he is essentially devaluing humanity as well. Adding onto Paul’s depreciation of education at the front, as Leer, one of his closest comrades is killed, Paul comes to the understanding that being â€Å"such a good mathematician at school† served Leer no good while fighting on the front (284). The realization he made is that war does not take pity for people who are well educated. Paul feels that war cares nothing of education since Leer’s mathematics skills were not able to help him survive the bombardment and therefore, the education used on Leer served of very little use for him since he was not able to survive the wrath of war. This experience displays to Paul that only instinct can help to survive being at the front. Solely using instinct to survive is a characteristic only vital to animals and because Paul exhibits this characteristic, Remarque is implying that all soldiers act based off of instinct.. It is in essence showing that the soldiers in way are at a level comparable to various animals. Yet another point of view Remarque incorporates to illustrate animal like qualities in the soldiers is that of Albert Kropp. In this instance, Kropp is badly hurt with an amputated leg. He no longer sees the value of enduring the strong pain as he tells Paul that he will â€Å"shoot himself the first time he can get a hold of his revolver†(261). By devaluing his own life, Kropp has shown to the readers that war has destroyed his own humanity since life is one of the most important values in humanity. Without the virtue of humanity, Kropp and many other soldiers that find themselves in similar situations can be compared to animals. The points of view from Albert and Paul all are brought together to show the dehumanization effect war causes since the men are no longer caring for their humanity. Also, literary devices integrated in the novel cohere with each other to furthermore show how the soldiers at war become less and less human everyday. As the soldiers fall in line for breakfast to receive their normal amount of rations, the sergeant cook is shocked to see that only 80 of the men survived the heavy attack from the previous day. He unwittingly made enough food for the 150 men but because nearly half of them had died, the cook finds himself with an overload of food. Because of the massive surplus, the soldiers in line for breakfast plead their case to the cook that they should receive double rations for the day. At first, the cook is hesitant to comply with the soldier’s orders thinking â€Å"Eighty men can’t have what is meant for a hundred and fifty†(5). The literary device shown here is irony as after persuading the cook for double rations, the Second Company which came back 80 strong has no difficulty consuming all of the leftover food meant for the other soldiers who were not as lucky to survive. After receiving and consuming the extra food, the soldiers showed no remorse of the fact that they were eating their fellow dead soldier’s breakfast. The only emotion they felt was satisfaction in their bellies. The men usually receive minimal food at the front so they quickly snap at the opportunity to receive an extra ration despite it being meant for the dead soldiers. This quality the men portray is one similar to animals as animals also snap at any opportunity to get food even if it is at an expense of another animal. They only think of what they can do for them to be better off and in this case, the soldiers are doing the same. Another literary device Remarque uses to confirm his argument is symbolism. As Paul and his comrades crowd around Kemmerich’s bed at the hospital, they notice that Kemmerich’s leg has been amputated. Out of the group, Kemmerich has the most comfortable boots and Muller takes note of that. Considering the fact that Kemmerich will no longer be able to wear the boots, Muller desperately wants them to replace his worn out uncomfortable boots. At first, Paul wanted Kemmerich to keep and die with the boots still in his possession but he comes to realize that â€Å"only the facts are real important for [them], And good boots are scarce†(21). Since Kemmerich is close to death, Paul thinks of the value of the boots and where they are most needed without the realization that they are a prized possession of his dying comrade Kemmerich. War has really dehumanized the men as their value system has changed for the worse and the boots represent how much more they care for things that could make them better off rather than the life of a good friend. All in all, the literary devices used in the book help make a valid claim that war has a dehumanizing effect on the soldiers. By applying imagery, Remarque shows the soldiers in war are dehumanized to a level that can be compared to animals. The soldiers find themselves resorting to their animal like instincts to help stay alive which make them lose all human characteristics by fighting in the war. Following Paul’s leave from the front, he serves some time as a prison guard watching over the Russian prisoners and unintentionally compares the prisoners to animals describing them as â€Å"meek, scolded, St. Bernard dogs† and â€Å"they seem nervous and fearful†(189). St. Bernard dogs are defined as generally very large working dogs originally bred for rescue. The word choice of â€Å"meek† and scolded† certainly do not match the definition of St Bernard dogs as rescue dogs have to be assertive and praised. Paul is hinting to the fact that because of the harsh conditions the prisoners are forced to endure, they have been ever since going through a long stint of dehumanization. The Russian prisoners also â€Å"slink about [the] camp and pick over the garbage tins†(189). Slinking around the enemy camp suggests that the prisoners are trying to scavenge any left food in a stealthy manner trying their best not be noticed by the others. This tactic is very similar to how various animals capture their prey so war has actually animalized the prisoners. Also, the Russians result to picking through garbage cans to try and find leftover bread crumbs. Searching through garbage cans for food is certainly the last resort for food but war has dehumanized the men to the extent where all they care about is surviving. If it means eating out of the garbage can, they will do so. These two instances show how animalistic war can make men become. By incorporating character point of view, literary devices and distinct imagery, Remarque shows that war has not only dehumanized the soldiers but animalized them as well. Remarque is able to implicitly show just how dehumanizing war can be to anyone that is absorbed into it. It truly destroys the humanity in all men that comes in it’s way. Time and time again, Remarque pleads his case of how fighting in war and being at the front can over time make a man less than a human being and closer to an animal due to the loss of many values of humanity. His argument in the novel is quite specific and strong but it is certainly valid.

King Louis I of France - Louis the Pious

King Louis I of France - Louis the Pious Louis I was also known as: Louis the Pious or Louis the Debonair (in French, Louis le Pieux, or Louis le Dà ©bonnaire; in German, Ludwig der Fromme; known to contemporaries by the Latin Hludovicus or Chlodovicus). Louis I was known for: Holding the Carolingian Empire together in the wake of his father Charlemagnes death. Louis was the only designated heir to survive his father. Occupations: Ruler Places of Residence and Influence: EuropeFrance Important Dates: Born: April 16, 778Forced to abdicate: June 30, 833Died: June 20, 840 About Louis I: In 781 Louis was appointed king of Aquitaine, one of the sub-kingdoms of the Carolingian Empire, and though he was only three years old at the time he would acquire great experience managing the kingdom as he matured. In 813 he became co-emperor with his father, then, when Charlemagne died a year later, he inherited the empire though not the title Roman Emperor. The empire was a conglomerate of several different ethnic groups, including Franks, Saxons, Lombards, Jews, Byzantines and many others across a great span of territory. Charlemagne had handled the many differences and the large size of his realm by dividing it up into sub-kingdoms, but Louis represented himself not as a ruler of different ethnic groups, but as a leader of Christians in a unified land. As emperor, Louis initiated reforms and redefined the relationship between the Frankish empire and the papacy. He carefully structured a system whereby various territories could be assigned to his three grown sons while the empire remained intact. He took swift action in quashing challenges to his authority and even sent his half-brothers into monasteries to prevent any future dynastic conflicts. Louis also performed voluntary penance for his sins, a display that deeply impressed contemporary chroniclers. The birth of a fourth son in 823 to Louis and his second wife, Judith, triggered a dynastic crisis. Louiss elder sons, Pippin, Lothair and Louis the German, had maintained a delicate if uneasy balance, and when Louis attempted to reorganize the empire to include little Charles, resentment raised its ugly head. There was a palace revolt in 830, and in 833 when Louis agreed to meet Lothair to settle their differences (at what became known as the Field of Lies, in Alsace), he was instead confronted by all his sons and a coalition of their supporters, who forced him to abdicate. But within a year Louis had been released from confinement and was back in power. He continued to rule energetically and decisively until his death in 840. More Louis I Resources: Dynastic Table: Early Carolingian Rulers Louis I on the Web The Ordinance of Louis the Pius - Division of the Empire of the Year 817Extract from Altmann und Bernheim, Ausgewahlte Urkunden, p. 12. Berlin, 1891, at Yale Law Schools Avalon Project. Emperor Louis the Pious: On Tithes, 817Extract from A Source Book for Medieval Economic History at Paul Halsalls Medieval Sourcebook. Louis the Pious: Grant of Minting Coins to Abbey of Corvey, 833Another extract from A Source Book for Medieval Economic History at Paul Halsalls Medieval Sourcebook. Louis I in Print The link below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europeby Pierre Richà ©; translated by Michael Idomir Allen The Carolingian EmpireEarly Europe   Guide Note: This Whos Who Profile of Louis I was originally posted in October of 2003, and was updated in March of 2012. Content is copyright  ©2003-2012 Melissa Snell.   Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society

How to Overcome Stage Fright

How to Overcome Stage Fright Imagine standing at the tribune, a couple of seconds before you actually start delivering your graduation speech. Think of the moment when you stand behind the mic, just before the first line of the song you want to perform for the crowd. How does it feel? Are you full of happy excitement or feel like running away (if only you could do it on those shaky legs)? In case it makes you feel any better – John Lennon used to throw up before his live performances. Youre not alone in the struggle. Its Not About You One of the most common reasons of a stage anxiety is worrying what the audience is going to think about you. Well, heres a fun fact: They dont really care about your personality. Most of the time people are worried only about themselves. You are to engage, educate or entertain your audience. If they are satisfied with what they get, they wont judge the one who delivers it too hard. Thus, concentrate on the material youre going to present instead of focusing on your personality. Practice Practice makes perfect. The rule applies to almost every sphere of our lives, right? Public speaking is not an exception. Training helps your brain to reduce the number of unknown variables it has to deal with when the due date comes. This allows you to focus on your story, entertaining your reader and making the whole thing much more fun. If memorizing a speech is a challenge for you, take a look at our infographics on how to memorize a speech. Send Good Vibes Perception is everything, isnt it? Thats why thinking of your audience as of a group of friendly, interested people, rather than a bunch of guys, ready to destroy you with criticism, will be of a great help. Smile and remember about eye contact. Avoid gazing at people, though: diverting your eyes to look at your notes or fix the appliances makes you look human, which is certainly good. We like the things we can relate to. Thus, looking not-so-perfect at times might even be a good thing. Power Posing Body language can shape our behavior, the way we make decisions and feel about ourselves. Power posing is a great tool to achieve these results. The study shows, that standing in a high-power pose for about 2 minutes may seriously boost your confidence and reduce stress. What are these poses? Think of a Wonder Woman or a Superman signature positions. Fake it till you make it. Or, actually, fake it until you become it. Dont Cram Sounding human and looking natural is crucial for successful delivery and impressing your listeners. Thats why you dont want to learn every single word by heart, when it comes to delivering a speech. You surely are to know what goes after what and have some cards or the outline in front of your eyes. Memorizing every single word will make you sound robotic. If you are having difficulties with writing a speech, consider our speech-writing help. If you are going to sing, act or dance in public – situation is a bit different. Here youll seek for a certain degree of mechanization, where you know all the moves, cues or direction of the melody. Nevertheless, leaving some space for your soul and inspiration will help you and your audience enjoy the event much more. Breathe Breathing in certain patterns may be a very powerful relaxation technique. First, it has a positive impact onto your physical state: blood pressure stabilize your brain gets that desired portion of oxygen the muscles relax All in all, you feel far more calm and confident. Second, you simply focus your attention on an activity, not on your being anxious and stressed out. Profit! No Caffeine Lots of people simply cant function without their favorite brew. In fact, its kind of a ritual, that has to be comforting and energizing. That is certainly true. Another fact here is that caffeine is a strong stimulant: it accelerates your heart rates dehydrates the vocal chord and can even make you sweat more intensively Add the general nervousness and get a cocktail of being overly jumpy, sweaty and squeaky. Try saving your cuppa as a reward for success. In case that just doesnt work for you – stick to your regular amount, and dont add any extra portions of caffeine before the actual event. Stretch Out Do a couple of yoga poses. Choose the level of difficulty that suits you best and focus on maintaining that balance, breathing and keeping muscles nice and tight. If youre a fan of yoga already – you know how awesome it is. In case youre not quite into that – give it a shot! You dont have to make yoga your daily routine, but it may work just fine for stressful situations, just like your public performance. Now, take a breath. Your presentation, speech, play or concert will go great. Especially, with our tips. Shine bright! Youll nail it.